Acute GI complications such as mechanical or pseudo-obstruction can be life-threatening in the context of other organ based involvement, especially cardiorespiratory disease. For a variety of reasons, malnutrition can develop, and this is the leading cause of mortality attributed to GI tract involvement. Local complications can develop as a result of dysmotility including reflux esophagitis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and, rarely, megacolon. GI tract involvement is associated with a variety of morbid symptoms including dysphagia, heartburn, distention, bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and fecal incontinence. Any segment of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus may be affected although the esophagus and anorectum are most frequently involved. The pathogenesis of dysmotility is related to a progression of myopathy, neuropathy and fibrosis leading to abnormalities in compliance and contractility of the GI tract wall. GI tract involvement is manifested primarily as dysmotility, though mucosal vascular malformations are also seen. In fact, the GI tract is one of the most commonly affected internal organ systems, involved in approximately 90% of patients with SSc ( 1- 3). The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is involved in sine, limited cutaneous (lc) and diffuse cutaneous (dc) forms of the disease.
CONSTIPATION OVERFLOW DIARRHEA SKIN
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by immune activation, vasculopathy, and abnormal collagen deposition in the skin and various internal organs.
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